TYPES OF POLICE ENCOUNTERS IN NYC
Level 1 – Request for Information
Officers may ask non-accusatory questions. You are not required to answer or stay.
Level 2 – Common Law Inquiry
Based on suspicion. You may refuse to answer and leave unless you're being detained.
Level 3 – Investigative Stop (Terry Stop)
Officers can detain and frisk based on reasonable suspicion of a crime.
Level 4 – Arrest
Occurs with probable cause. You must comply, but have the right to remain silent and request a lawyer.
WHAT YOU SHOULD DO
Stay Calm: Keep hands visible and avoid sudden movements.
Ask if You're Free to Leave: If yes, calmly walk away.
Remain Silent: You do not have to answer questions beyond identifying yourself.
Refuse Searches Politely: Say, “I do not consent to a search.”
Request a Lawyer If Arrested: Do not answer further questions without one.
Document the Encounter: Note badge numbers, time, location, and details.
WHAT YOU SHOULD NOT DO
Don’t Run: It can escalate the situation.
Don’t Resist: Even if the stop feels unjust, stay non-confrontational.
Don’t Lie: Giving false information can lead to charges.
Don’t Volunteer Information: Say only what’s legally required.
DURING A VEHICLE STOP
Keep hands on the wheel and stay calm.
Present license, registration, and insurance if asked.
Politely refuse consent to search your vehicle.
AFTER THE ENCOUNTER
File a Complaint: Contact the Civilian Complaint Review Board if necessary.
Request Body Cam Footage: Use a FOIL request.
Seek Legal Help: Organizations like The Legal Aid Society can assist.
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